In northwestern Syria, hundreds of makeshift refineries have mushroomed in the past five years, employing thousands of people. With no regulation, their impact on health, life and the environment is catastrophic.
Makeshift oil refineries endanger the health of workers and local communities in northwestern Syria. But their environmental impact, often overlooked, will also affect generations to come.
Between the beginning of 2020 and April 2021, 173 civilians were killed by bombings or gunfire by unidentified armed men in the two areas controlled by the Turkey-backed Syrian National Army (SNA) in northern and western Aleppo province.
Humanitarian concerns play a key role in the evolution of Western policy towards HTS. But could greater engagement with HTS actually improve the humanitarian space in Idlib?
